Forskere ved universitetet i Würzburg i Tyskland opdagede, at bietarmormen, en berygtet plantebeskyttelse, viser den samme defensive opførsel mod bier som det gør mod hveps. Faktisk forhindrer den blotte tilstedeværelse af bier armyworms fra munching leaves.
Armorms, ligesom mange larver, har sansehår nær deres hoveder, der registrerer luftvibrationer, der er omrørt af hveps vinger. Når en veps nærmer sig, fryser en varslet larve og dræber planten. Afhængig af vepsarten undgår man således at blive spist eller modtage en injektion af hvepseæg i sin krop.
At være opmærksom på, at bierens vinge beats-frekvens svarer til hveps ", Jürgen Tautz og Michael Rostás studerede bete-armorms opførsel inden for telte, der indeholder afgrødeplanter samt biavlere fyldt med sukkervand. Bier kunne kun få adgang til halvdelen af teltene, og forskerne fandt ud af, at larverne der spiste 60 til 70 procent mindre bladareal end i de "stille" telte. Energi, der spildes ved at falde som reaktion på en harmløs bi, er tilsyneladende godt brugt for at undgå muligheden for at blive en hvepost eller børnehave.
Med hensyn til planterne var de de umiskendelige vindere. Tværtimod, interspersing insekt-bestøvede planter med afgrøder kunne generere nogle positive buzz i skadedyrsbekæmpelse.
Forskningen blev beskrevet i tidsskriftet Nuværende biologi.
👉 When their primary defenses fail, caterpillars have an arsenal of secondary defenses. These can be chemical (tasting bad), physical (stinging spines and hairs) or behavioral (thrashing, mimicking other creatures, retracting portions of their bodies to appear larger).
👉 Caterpillars use a diverse range of anti-predator defenses, including camouflage, making and hiding in shelters, mimicry, regurgitating, rolling, and biting. Some caterpillars also drop to the ground and hang themselves by a silk thread.
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👉 It's a surprising defense mechanism.Hidden in the caterpillar's head are two large, bright orange antenna or forked gland, called osmeterium. When agitated or in danger, the snake tongue-like gland shoots out towards the threat and emits a foul, spoiled cheese smell.
👉 Earthworms are provided with innate, highly developed, and effective defense mechanisms against dangerous environmental microorganisms. The first mechanical–biological line of defense, that separates the body of annelids from the external environment is the tegument, composed of an epidermis and muscle layers.
👉 The coelomic fluid of annelids exerts numerous biological activities that are involved in effective defense mechanisms against invaders. It was documented that it contains various antimicrobial factors like lysozyme37,38 and antimicrobial peptides.
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👉 During disaster response or aid delivery, wartime or peacetime, surge or rapid deployment — Caterpillar Defense is ready to respond to the needs of the operation. Look over the options listed below to learn more about our capabilities.
👉 The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement. Disaster response or aid delivery, wartime or peace time, surge or rapid deployment– Caterpillar Defense is ready to respond to the needs of the operation.
👉 Caterpillar’s design, engineering and manufacturing capabilities produce a broad range of products for military forces and other government entities. The company offers groundbreaking and custom-modified equipment, engines for land and marine applications, power generation for wide-ranging applications and lifecycle solutions.
Planter er de umiskendelige vindere.